TOXIC.TOXIC.TOXIC

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What is Toxicology? It is the study of poisons, or toxins, from the standpoint of detection, isolation, identification, and determination of their effects on the human body.

Branches of Toxicology

Mechanistic toxicology

       

-work focuses on understanding specific chemical, biochemical and molecular by which toxicants have their effects.

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Descriptive toxicology

        -uses the results from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm in humans. 

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Forensic toxicology

      

 -primarily concerned with the medical and legal consequences of toxin exposure

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Clinical toxicology

        - concerns diseases (usually human) caused by or

uniquely associated with toxicants

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Regulatory toxicology

        -work focuses on the risk decision-making based on data from mechanistic and descriptive toxicology. Set standards for “safe” exposure.

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Occupational toxicology

        -focuses on hazards occurring in workplace, with objective of preventing adverse effects in workers.

    http://sciencegames.4you4free.com/poisons_toxicology.html

Environmental toxicology

        - is a field of environmental science that studies how exposure to toxic chemicals can directly change the health of individuals. Ecotoxicology considers impacts on population dynamics in a natural ecosystem.

http://www.scienceforhealthandenergy.com/

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Toxicology Terminology

 http://www.eoearth.org/article/Toxicology

 

Routes of Exposure

There are three major means by which a toxic substance can come into contact with or enter the body. 

·       Inhalation

·       Direct contact

·       Ingestion 

Length of Exposure

 

• Acute exposure - single exposure to a harmful substance (not lasting more than a day)
  
        
• Chronic exposure - repeated, continuous exposure to hazardous substance, over an extended period usually more than a year (long-lasting).

Thankyou for reading! Smile :)))

Reference:

• Clinical Chemistry Techniques, Principles, Correlations; 6^th edition by Bishop
• http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~ggoldsb/toxicology/intro6.pdf
• http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/about/exposure.htm
• http://www.answers.com/topic/toxicology
• http://www.environmentaltoxicology.org/